Features

Phonetic realization: vowels (lexical sets) all none

1. KIT [ɪ]
2. KIT raised / fronted, > [i]
3. KIT centralized, > [ə]
4. KIT with offglide, e.g. [ɪə/iə]
5. DRESS half-close [e]
6. DRESS raised, > [i]
7. DRESS half-open [ɛ]
8. DRESS backed, > [ʌ/ɐ]
9. DRESS with centralizing offglide, e.g. [eə]
10. DRESS with rising offglide, e.g. [eɪ]
11. TRAP [æ]
12. TRAP raised, > [ɛ/e]
13. TRAP lowered, > [a]
14. TRAP with offglide, e.g. [æə/æɛ/æɪ/ɛə]
15. LOT rounded, e.g. [ɒ]
16. LOT back rounded, e.g. [ɑ]
17. LOT front unrounded, e.g. [a]
18. LOT with offglide, e.g. [ɒə]
19. STRUT [ʌ]
20. STRUT high back, > [ʊ]
21. STRUT central [ə/ɐ]
22. STRUT backed, > [ɔ]
23. FOOT [ʊ]
24. FOOT tensed [u]
25. FOOT back, lower, e.g. [ʌ]
26. BATH half-open front [æ]
27. BATH low front [a]
28. BATH low back [ɑ]
29. BATH long
30. BATH with offglide, e.g. [æə/æɪ/ɛə]
31. CLOTH rounded [ɔ/ɒ]
32. CLOTH back unrounded [ɑ]
33. CLOTH front unrounded [a]
34. NURSE central [ɜː/ɚ]
35. NURSE raised / fronted / rounded, e.g. [ø]
36. NURSE mid front [ɛ/e(r)]
37. NURSE [ʌ(r)] (possibly lexically conditioned, e.g. WORD)
38. NURSE backed, e.g. [o/ɔ]
39. NURSE diphthongal, e.g. [əɪ/ɔɪ]
40. FLEECE [iː]
41. FLEECE with centralizing offglide, e.g. [iə]
42. FLEECE with mid/central onset and upglide, e.g. [əɪ/ei]
43. FLEECE with high onset and upglide, e.g. [ɪi]
44. FLEECE shortened, e.g. [i/ɪ]
45. FACE upgliding diphthong with half-close onset, e.g. [eɪ]
46. FACE upgliding diphthong with half-open or lower onset, e.g. [ɛɪ/æɪ]
47. FACE upgliding diphthong with low / backed onset, e.g. [a(ː)ɪ/ʌɪ]
48. FACE upgliding diphthong with central onset, e.g. [əɪ]
49. FACE monophthong, e.g. [eː]
50. FACE ingliding diphthong, e.g. [ɪə/ɪɛ]
51. PALM low back [ɑ(ː)]
52. PALM low front [a(ː)]
53. PALM with offglide, e.g. [ɑə/ɒə]
54. THOUGHT [ɔ(ː)]
55. THOUGHT low [aː/ɑː]
56. THOUGHT with offglide, e.g. [ɔə/ʊə]
57. GOAT with central onset, e.g. [əʊ/əʉ]
58. GOAT with back rounded onset, e.g. [oʊ/ou]
59. GOAT with low or back unrounded onset, e.g. [a(ː)u/aʉ/ʌʊ/ʌʉ]
60. GOAT with relatively high back onset [ʊu]
61. GOAT ingliding, e.g. [ʊə/uɔ/ua]
62. GOAT monophthongal, e.g. [o(ː)]
63. GOOSE [uː]
64. GOOSE fronted, > [ʉ(ː)]
65. GOOSE gliding, e.g. [ʊu/ɪu/ə(ː)ʉ]
66. PRICE upgliding diphthong, e.g. [aɪ/ɑɪ/ʌɪ]
67. PRICE monophthong [aː] before voiced C
68. PRICE monophthong [aː] in all environments
69. PRICE with raised / central onset, e.g. [əɪ/ɜɪ]
70. PRICE with backed onset, e.g. [ɔ(ː)ɪ/ɒɪ]
71. PRICE with mid-front offglide, e.g. [ae/aɛ]
72. CHOICE [ɔɪ]
73. CHOICE with low onset [ɒɪ]
74. CHOICE with central onset [əɪ/əi]
75. MOUTH [aʊ/ɑʊ]
76. MOUTH with raised and backed onset, e.g. [ʌu/ɔʊ]
77. MOUTH with raised onset [əʊ] only before voiceless C
78. MOUTH with raised onset [əʊ] in all environments
79. MOUTH with fronted onset, e.g. [æʉ/æʊ/æo/ɛo]
80. MOUTH low monophthong, e.g. [aː]
81. MOUTH mid/high back monophthong, e.g. [oː]
82. NEAR [ɪə(r)]
83. NEAR without offglide, e.g. [ɪr]
84. NEAR with tensed / raised onset, e.g. [i(ː)ə]
85. NEAR with half-closed onset [e(ː/ə/r)/ea]
86. NEAR with half-open onset [ɛ(ː/ə/r)]
87. NEAR high-front to low glide, e.g. [ia]
88. SQUARE with half-open onset [ɛə]
89. SQUARE with half-closed onset [eə/ea]
90. SQUARE with high front onset [ɪə]
91. SQUARE with relatively open onset, possibly rising [æə/æɪ]
92. SQUARE half-closed monophthong, [e(ː/r)]
93. SQUARE half-open monophthong, [ɛ(ː/r)]
94. START low back unrounded, e.g. [ɑ(ː/r)]
95. START central, e.g. [ɐ(ː/r)]
96. START low front, e.g. [a(ː/r)]
97. START front, raised, e.g. [æ(ː/r)]
98. START with offglide, e.g. [ɑə/ɒə]
99. NORTH half-open monophthong [ɔ(ː/r)]
100. NORTH half-closed monophthong [o(ː/r)]
101. NORTH [ɒ]
102. NORTH with offglide, e.g. [ɒə/oa]
103. FORCE half-open monophthong [ɔ(ː/r)]
104. FORCE half-closed monophthong [o(ː/r)]
105. FORCE ingliding, e.g. [ɔə(r)/oə(r)/oa]
106. FORCE with upglide, e.g. [oʊ(r)]
107. CURE [ʊə/ʊr]
108. CURE with tensed / raised onset, e.g. [u(ː)ə/ur]
109. CURE lowered monophthong, e.g. [oː/ɔː]
110. CURE with upglide, e.g. [oʊ(r)]
111. CURE low offglide, e.g. [ua/oa(r)]
112. happY relatively centralized, e.g. [ɪ]
113. happY central, e.g. [ə]
114. happY tensed / relatively high front, e.g. [i(ː)]
115. happY mid front, e.g. [e/ɛ]
116. lettER [ə]
117. lettER (relatively) open, e.g. [a/ʌ]
118. horsES central [ə]
119. horsES high front [ɪ]
120. commA [ə]
121. commA (relatively) open, e.g. [a/ʌ]

122. homophony of KIT and FLEECE
123. homophony of TRAP and BATH
124. homophony of Mary and merry
125. homophony of Mary, merry and marry
126. homophony of TRAP and DRESS before /l/
127. merger of KIT and DRESS before nasals (pin = pen)
128. homophony of DRESS and FACE
129. homophony of FOOT and GOOSE
130. homophony of LOT and THOUGHT
131. homophony of LOT and STRUT
132. homophony of NEAR and SQUARE
133. vowels nasalized before nasal consonants
134. vowel harmony / cross-syllable assimilation phenomena in some words
135. vowels short unless before /r/, voiced fricative, or in open syllable (SVLR)
136. commA/lettER (etc.): [ɑ/ɛ/i/ɔ/u], reflecting spelling

137. P/T/K–: weak or no aspiration of word-initial stops
138. –T–: lenisation / flapping / voicing of intervocalic /t/ (writer = rider)
139. –T: realization of word-final or intervocalic /t/ as glottal stop
140. K–: palatalization of velar stop word-initially: e.g. kj–/gj– in can't/garden
141. B–: word-initial bw– for b–: e.g. bw– in boy
142. S–/F–: voiceless initial fricatives voiced: [z–/v–]
143. TH–: realization of word-initial voiced TH as stop, e.g. dis, `this'
144. TH–: realization of word-initial voiceless TH as stop, e.g. ting, `thing'
145. TH–: realization of word-initial voiced TH as affricate [dð]
146. TH–: realization of word-initial voiceless TH as affricate [tθ]
147. WH–: velar fricative onset retained, i.e. which is not homophonous with witch
148. CH: voiceless velar fricative [χ/x] exists
149. h-deletion (word-initial), e.g. `eart `heart'
150. h-insertion (word-initial), e.g. haxe `axe'
151. L–: palatal (clear) variant in syllable onsets
152. L–: velar variant in syllable onsets
153. –L: palatal variant in syllable codas
154. “jod”-dropping: no /j/ after alveolars before /uː/, e.g. in news, tune
155. deletion of word-initial /h/ in /hj–/ clusters, e.g. in human, huge
156. labialization of word-central voiced –TH–, e.g. [–v–] in brother
157. labialization of word-final / word-central voiceless –TH–, e.g. [–f] in mouth, nothing
158. intervocalic /–v–/ > [b], e.g. in river
159. W: substitution of labiodental fricative /v/ for semi-vowel /w/
160. word-final consonant cluster deletion, monomorphemic
161. word-final consonant cluster deletion, bimorphemic
162. deletion of word-final single consonants
163. simplification of word-initial consonant clusters, e.g. in splash, square
164. non-rhotic (no postvocalic –r)
165. rhotic (postvocalic –r realized)
166. phonetic realization of /r/ as velar retroflex constriction
167. phonetic realization of /r/ as alveolar flap
168. phonetic realization of /r/ as apical trill
169. /r/ uvular
170. intrusive –r–, e.g. idea–r–is
171. post-vocalic –l vocalised
172. neutralization / confusion of liquids /l/ and /r/ in some words
173. realization of velar nasals with stop: –NG > [–ŋɡ]
174. velarization of some word-final nasals, e.g. /–ŋ/ in down

175. deletion of word-initial unstressed syllables, e.g. ˈbout, ˈcept
176. stress not infrequently shifted from first to later syllable, e.g. indiˈcate, holyˈday
177. (relatively) syllable-timed rather than stress-timed
178. HRT (High-Rising Terminal) contour: rise at end of statement
179. tone distinctions exist

Varieties

Europe all none

1. OrSh Orkney and Shetland (Melchers)
2. Scot Scottish English (Stuart-Smith)
3. Iris Irish English (Hickey)
4. NoEn North of England (Beal)
5. Wels Welsh English (Penhallurick)
6. WeMi English West Midlands (Clark) [NO DATA]
7. EaAn East Anglia (Trudgill)
8. SoEn Altendorff/Watt (South of England) [NO DATA]
9. RP   RP (Upton)
10. Chan Channel Islands (Ramisch)
11. BriC British Creole (Patrick)

12. SAE  Standard American English (Kretzschmar)
13. NwEn New England (Roberts & Nagy)
14. InNo The Inland North (Gordon)
15. NYC  New York City (Gordon)
16. Phla Philadelphia (Gordon)
17. Sout South (Thomas)
18. UrbS Urban South (Tillery & Bailey)
19. WMW  The West and Midwest (Gordon)
20. Cana Canadian English (Boberg)
21. NwFo Newfoundland (Clarke)
22. AAVE AAVE (Edwards)
23. Gull Gullah (Weldon)
24. Caju Cajun English (Dubois)
25. Chic Chicano English (Santa Ana & Bayley)
26. Baha Bahamas (Childs & Wolfram)
27. JamC Jamaican Creole (Devonish & Harry)
28. JamE Jamaican English (Devonish & Harry)
29. Barb Barbados (Blake)
30. TrTo Trinidad & Tobago acrolect and mesolect (Youssef & James)
31. TobB Tobago basilect (Youssef and James)
32. SurC Suriname creoles (Smith & Haabo)

33. NZE  NZE
34. Maor Maori English (Warren/Bauer)
35. AusE AusE
36. AboE Aboriginal English (Malcolm)
37. AusC Australian Creoles (Malcolm)
38. Bisl Bislama (Crowley)
39. ToPi Tok Pisin (Smith)
40. Piji Pijin (Jourdan/Selbach)
41. HawC Haw. Creole (Sakoda/Siegel)
42. Fiji Fiji English (Tent/Mugler)

43. NigN Nigerian English northern (Gut)
44. NigS Nigerian English southern (Gut)
45. NigP Nigerian Pidgin (Elugbe)
46. GhaE Ghanaian English (Huber)
47. GhaP Ghanaian Pidgin (Huber)
48. LibS Liberian Settler English (Singler)
49. CamE Cameroon English (Simo Bobda)
50. CamP Cameroon Pidgin English/Kamtok (Menang)
51. EaAf East Africa English (Schmied)
52. WhSA White South African English (Bowerman)
53. BlSA Black South African English (van Rooy)
54. InSA Indian South African English (Meshtrie)
55. CaFl Cape Flats English (Finn)
56. StHe St. Helena English (Wilson)

57. Indi Indian English (Gargesh)
58. Paki Pakistani English (Mahboob)
59. Sing Singapore English (Wee)
60. Mala Malaysian English (Baskaran)
61. Phli Philippines English (Tayao)

Output

CSV differences, NA's allowed
XML differences, NA's allowed
L04 differences, NA's allowed
L04 differences, no NA's

Clustering: Complete Link (Furthest Neighbor)
Clustering: Group Average (UPGMA: Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic averages)
Clustering: Weighted Average (WPGMA: Weighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic averages)
Clustering: Ward's Method (Minimum Variance)
Clustering: Neighbor Joining

MDS

mds grid
ccc grid

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