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Between 1572 and 1617 Georg Braun (1541-1622) and Frans Hogenberg (1535-1590)
published six volumes, containing about 530 maps of mostly European cities. Georg
Braun was the editor of this series, and Frans Hogenberg was the most important
engraver. They relied mainly on existing maps, but also on maps made by drawings
made by the Antwerp artist Joris Hoefnagel (1542-1600), who had travelled through
most of Western Europe. After Joris Hoefnagel's death his son Jakob continued the
work for the Civitates.
Another important source for maps was the Danish cartographer Heinrich van Rantzau
(1526-1599), beter known under his Latin name Rantzovius, who provided maps of
Northern Europe, specially of Danish cities. Other sources were the maps of
Sebastian Munster from around 1550 and unpublished works of Jacob van Deventer
(1505-1575), also known as Jacob Roelofsz, and of over a hundred other artists
and engravers.
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