Footnotes

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In this paper the term 'anaphoric' should be interpreted in the broadest sense, as opposed to Chomsky 1981 in which only A-traces and reflexives are called anaphoric.
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This results in a flat structure for modifiers. This is perhaps not correct from a linguistic point of view. However, translation is often much simpler this way. The representation of modifiers is a field in MT that deserves further attention.
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Note that the order of slots is quite arbitrary. Surface order is not related to the order of slots in I-structures in any way.
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I1 and I2 are unique names which are automatically assigned to every I-structure. We will indicate them henceforth as capitalized words. Names to which no further reference is made will be omitted for clarity's sake. An I-structure consists of a tree and a set of annotations that denote the anaphoric relations within the tree. The tree annotated with this set will be called I-object henceforth.
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Note that we will usually leave out optional slots that are not filled
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In fact, the wh-trace relation is subject to more restrictions than c-commandment. We will return to this in section 4.
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A special feature 'open' is used to refer to open slots. All slots have this feature by default as long as they are not filled. So, 'open' can be regarded as a feature of the trace since slots not (yet) filled can be considered potential traces.
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This idea is partly based on LFG's notion of functional uncertainty. See Kaplan et al. 1987.
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Note that the order of ANT w.r.t ANA is not relevant since the order of the slots is not in any way related to word order in the sentence.
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All I-structures are also their own ancestor according to the definition in (19a). This is the correct result when used in the c_command definition since sisters do c_command one another. In case this is undesirable however, the relation could be defined as follows :
ancestor : mother + * mother
Generally, the correct definition of a relation like c_command depends of course on the use it's being made of in anaphoric rules and on the make up of the I-structures used. The definition above should merely be regarded as an exemplification of the mechanism.
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The difference between bridge verbs and other verbs is also encoded in the lexicon. Only bridge verbs allow comp-to-comp movement. The generalization might be expressed by assigning the feature bounding to sbar complements and modifiers in all other cases. Like this, sbar is a bounding node in some cases too.
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It is of course also possible to assume that all wh-movements have been undone. In Mimo, this only means a shift of problems from the transfer to the analysis and synthesis modules. Besides, the issue would still hold for other long-distance phenomena like pronouns.

Gertjan van Noord
Fri Nov 25 13:16:14 MET 1994