Note that two of the children's questions (e.g. (57) and (58)) contain the focus particle ook (also). As a matter of fact, one three year old subject in the experimental study described in Chapter 3 inserted this particle in three of the six *hoeven sentences, suggesting that ook (also) might function as a sort of dummy licenser. Two examples of ook (also)-insertion are given below:

test sentence

*Dat pakje appelsap hoef ik te hebben.
That can of apple juice need I to have.
ERIC

Ik hoef ook awelsap te hebben.
I need also apple juice to have.
test sentence

*Ik hoef vandaag naar school te fietsen.
I need today to school to bike.
ERIC

Ik hoefoef va+... [/] vandaag ook naar school te fietsen.
I need to+... [/] today also to school to bike.

From a grammaticality judgment test with seven-year-olds (which is discussed in Chapter 5) however, it became clear that sentences with hoeven and ook (also) are considered as incorrect.


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